Toghon Temür — Emperor Huizong of Yuan
元惠宗 · 元順帝
简体 元惠宗 · 元顺帝
“Thirty-five years, and the loss of China”
The last Yuan emperor in China. His reign contained a serious reform ministry, a catastrophic set of Yellow River floods, hyperinflation of the paper currency, and the Red Turban risings that produced Zhu Yuanzhang. In 1368 he left Dadu ahead of the Ming armies and rode north; his line ruled on the steppe for centuries afterwards.
The Ming gave him the name Shun, the compliant, for leaving without a fight; the Mongols kept calling him khagan.
Three of his empresses share one silk, among them Empress Gi — a Korean palace woman who rose to become the most powerful person at the Yuan court.
The empress of this reign
Painted on silk in gemstone mineral pigments by Xiang Li.
About this page
Written for this site to place Huizong (Shun)'s reign around the paintings. For the full biography, the dynastic histories and the scholarship behind them, start at Wikipedia.
Every Yuan emperor
| Reign | Emperor | Painted empresses |
|---|---|---|
| 1260 – 1294 | Kublai 元世祖 Kublai 忽必烈 | |
| 1294 – 1307 | Chengzong 元成宗 Temür 鐵穆耳 / 铁穆耳 | |
| 1307 – 1311 | Wuzong 元武宗 Khayishan 海山 | |
| 1311 – 1320 | Renzong 元仁宗 Ayurbarwada 愛育黎拔力八達 / 爱育黎拔力八达 | |
| 1320 – 1323 | Yingzong 元英宗 Shidebala 碩德八剌 / 硕德八剌 | |
| 1323 – 1328 | Taiding 泰定帝 Yesün Temür 也孫鐵木兒 / 也孙铁木儿 | |
| 1328, one month | Tianshun 天順帝 / 天顺帝 Ragibagh 阿速吉八 | — |
| 1328 – 1332 | Wenzong 元文宗 Tugh Temür 圖帖睦爾 / 图帖睦尔 | |
| 1329, 184 days | Mingzong 元明宗 Kusala 和世㻋 | |
| 1332, 53 days | Ningzong 元寧宗 / 元宁宗 Rinchinbal 懿璘質班 / 懿璘质班 | |
| 1333 – 1368 | Huizong (Shun) 元惠宗 · 元順帝 / 元惠宗 · 元顺帝 Toghon Temür 妥懽帖睦爾 / 妥懽帖睦尔 |