El Emperador Zhengde — Ming Wuzong

He built a pleasure palace outside the Forbidden City, appointed himself a duke and then a general under an invented name, and led troops against a Mongol raid in person. He also let the eunuch Liu Jin run the state for five years, and died at thirty without an heir after falling into a river.

The succession crisis he left produced the Great Rites Controversy, which paralysed the court for twenty years.

Empress Xia, his wife, was ignored for most of the reign and left it childless.