El Emperador Hongwu — Ming Taizu
Nacido en una familia campesina depauperada que murió de hambre a su alrededor, entró en un monasterio, se unió a los Turbantes Rojos y expulsó a los mongoles de China. Como emperador, abolió la cancillería y asumió la administración completamente en sus propias manos, y depuró a los funcionarios que lo habían ayudado: decenas de miles de ejecuciones en dos grandes casos.
洪武帝 · 明太祖
“Orphan, beggar, monk, rebel, emperor”
Born to a destitute farming family that starved to death around him, he entered a monastery, joined the Red Turbans, and drove the Mongols out of China. As emperor he abolished the chancellorship and took the administration entirely into his own hands, and purged the officials who had helped him — tens of thousands of executions across two great cases.
The autocracy he built, with no minister standing between the emperor and the ministries, is the shape of Chinese government from 1380 to 1912.
Empress Ma, whom he married when he was an unknown rebel officer, is the one person recorded as being able to talk him out of an execution. He appointed no empress after she died in 1382.
The empresses of this reign
Painted on silk in gemstone mineral pigments by Xiang Li.
About this page
Written for this site to place Hongwu's reign around the paintings. For the full biography, the dynastic histories and the scholarship behind them, start at Wikipedia.
Every Ming emperor
| Reign | Emperor | Painted empresses |
|---|---|---|
| 1368 – 1398 | Hongwu 洪武帝 · 明太祖 Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋 | |
| 1398 – 1402 | Jianwen 建文帝 Zhu Yunwen 朱允炆 | |
| 1402 – 1424 | Yongle 永樂帝 · 明成祖 / 永乐帝 · 明成祖 Zhu Di 朱棣 | |
| 1424 – 1425 | Hongxi 洪熙帝 · 明仁宗 Zhu Gaochi 朱高熾 / 朱高炽 | |
| 1425 – 1435 | Xuande 宣德帝 · 明宣宗 Zhu Zhanji 朱瞻基 | |
| 1435 – 1449, 1457 – 1464 | Yingzong 正統帝 · 天順帝 / 正统帝 · 天顺帝 Zhu Qizhen 朱祁鎮 / 朱祁镇 | |
| 1449 – 1457 | Jingtai 景泰帝 · 明代宗 Zhu Qiyu 朱祁鈺 / 朱祁钰 | |
| 1464 – 1487 | Chenghua 成化帝 · 明憲宗 / 成化帝 · 明宪宗 Zhu Jianshen 朱見深 / 朱见深 | |
| 1487 – 1505 | Hongzhi 弘治帝 · 明孝宗 Zhu Youtang 朱祐樘 | |
| 1505 – 1521 | Zhengde 正德帝 · 明武宗 Zhu Houzhao 朱厚照 | |
| 1521 – 1567 | Jiajing 嘉靖帝 · 明世宗 Zhu Houcong 朱厚熜 | |
| 1567 – 1572 | Longqing 隆慶帝 · 明穆宗 / 隆庆帝 · 明穆宗 Zhu Zaiji 朱載坖 / 朱载坖 | |
| 1572 – 1620 | Wanli 萬曆帝 · 明神宗 / 万历帝 · 明神宗 Zhu Yijun 朱翊鈞 / 朱翊钧 | |
| 1620, 29 days | Taichang 泰昌帝 · 明光宗 Zhu Changluo 朱常洛 | |
| 1620 – 1627 | Tianqi 天啟帝 · 明熹宗 / 天启帝 · 明熹宗 Zhu Youjiao 朱由校 | |
| 1627 – 1644 | Chongzhen 崇禎帝 · 明思宗 / 崇祯帝 · 明思宗 Zhu Youjian 朱由檢 / 朱由检 |