宋哲宗

Nine at his accession, and governed by Dowager Gao, who dismantled his father's reforms while he watched from a seat placed behind hers. When she died in 1093 he brought the reformers back and proscribed the conservatives, and the swing between the two factions became the pattern that paralysed the late Northern Song.

He died at twenty-three without an heir.

His empress Meng was deposed on a sorcery charge, restored, deposed again — and because she was out of the palace in 1127 she was the only member of the imperial family not carried off by the Jurchen.