元仁宗——卜颜帖木儿汗
受过中国经典教育，是元朝统治者中最汉化的。1315年，他恢复了科举考试，蒙古人自征服以来一直暂停——虽然名额制度为蒙古人及其盟友保留了一半的位置，但考试确实恢复了。
元仁宗
“Brought back the examinations after a hundred and thirty years”
Educated in the Chinese classics and the most sinicised of the Yuan rulers. In 1315 he restored the civil service examinations, which the Mongols had suspended since the conquest — with quotas that reserved half the places for Mongols and their allies, but restored nonetheless.
He also had the great legal and agricultural compendia translated, and broke his brother's succession agreement in favor of his own son.
Empress Radnashiri, of the Khongirad, was his principal wife.
The empress of this reign
Painted on silk in gemstone mineral pigments by Xiang Li.
About this page
Written for this site to place Renzong's reign around the paintings. For the full biography, the dynastic histories and the scholarship behind them, start at Wikipedia.
Every Yuan emperor
| Reign | Emperor | Painted empresses |
|---|---|---|
| 1260 – 1294 | Kublai 元世祖 Kublai 忽必烈 | |
| 1294 – 1307 | Chengzong 元成宗 Temür 鐵穆耳 / 铁穆耳 | |
| 1307 – 1311 | Wuzong 元武宗 Khayishan 海山 | |
| 1311 – 1320 | Renzong 元仁宗 Ayurbarwada 愛育黎拔力八達 / 爱育黎拔力八达 | |
| 1320 – 1323 | Yingzong 元英宗 Shidebala 碩德八剌 / 硕德八剌 | |
| 1323 – 1328 | Taiding 泰定帝 Yesün Temür 也孫鐵木兒 / 也孙铁木儿 | |
| 1328, one month | Tianshun 天順帝 / 天顺帝 Ragibagh 阿速吉八 | — |
| 1328 – 1332 | Wenzong 元文宗 Tugh Temür 圖帖睦爾 / 图帖睦尔 | |
| 1329, 184 days | Mingzong 元明宗 Kusala 和世㻋 | |
| 1332, 53 days | Ningzong 元寧宗 / 元宁宗 Rinchinbal 懿璘質班 / 懿璘质班 | |
| 1333 – 1368 | Huizong (Shun) 元惠宗 · 元順帝 / 元惠宗 · 元顺帝 Toghon Temür 妥懽帖睦爾 / 妥懽帖睦尔 |